Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) 

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) refers to a set of tools and strategies used to supplement or replace traditional spoken communication for individuals who may have difficulty expressing themselves verbally. AAC can benefit children with various communication challenges, including those with developmental delays, speech disorders, language disorders, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and other conditions impacting communication.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) refers to any method of communication that is used to supplement or replace traditional speech. This might include using sign language, gestures, picture boards, or high-tech communication devices.

An AAC device is any battery-operated machine that is able to generate speech for the purpose of communication. AAC devices may be as simple as a keypad with pictures or as sophisticated as a tablet with voice output.

Augmentative communication refers to any method of communication that can supplement traditional speech.

Alternative communication refers to any method of communication that can replace traditional speech.

Key Components of AAC:

• Symbols: AAC systems use symbols, such as pictures, icons, or words, to represent language concepts and facilitate communication.

• Communication Devices: These devices range from low-tech options like communication boards and books to high-tech devices, including tablets and specialized communication devices.

• Strategies: AAC involves various strategies, such as gestures, signs, and pointing, to enhance communication effectiveness.

AAC may be considered for clients when traditional methods of communication, such as speech and writing, are insufficient or challenging for the child. Some indications for considering AAC include:

Limited Speech Intelligibility:

Children with limited speech development due to developmental delays, speech disorders, or neurological conditions may benefit from AAC that can improve their ability to communicate wants, needs, thoughts, and ideas.

Language Disorders:

AAC can support children with language disorders by providing additional means to express themselves and understand language concepts as well as express basic needs.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD):

AAC is often used with children on the autism spectrum to support their communication skills and facilitate social interactions.

Cerebral Palsy and Motor Challenges:

Children with motor challenges that affect their ability to speak or write may use AAC to overcome barriers to functional communication.

Temporary Communication Challenges:

AAC can be beneficial for children experiencing temporary communication challenges due to medical conditions or surgical procedures.

Myths about AAC

Myth #1: AAC is only for non-verbal people

Reality: AAC benefits many people who have verbal language. Although some AAC users are non-verbal, many AAC users do have some verbal speech. Some examples include a person with a robust vocabulary but cannot be understood due to speech sound difficulties, or a person who can repeat but not initiate verbal speech. If there is a gap between what a person wants and needs to say and what they are able to say, then AAC might benefit them. In fact, using an AAC device can help a person develop more verbal speech.

Myth #2: AAC will prevent the user from improving verbal speech

Reality: Using an AAC device can have a beneficial impact on speech and language (Steele, 2004). In fact, AAC has actually been found to increase natural speech when therapy utilizes a multimodal approach of simultaneously targeting AAC and spoken communication (Millar, Light, and Schlosser, 2006; Sedey, Rosin, & Miller, 1991). Additionally, for children who struggle with challenging behaviors, AAC can help them to more effectively communicate their wants and needs, reducing the frustration that may result from communication breakdowns (Carr & Durrand, 1985; Drager, Light, & McNaughton, 2010; Mirenda, 1997; Robinson & Owens, 1995).

Myth #3: Young children are not able to use and understand AAC.

Reality: Early introduction of AAC can aid in the development of natural speech and language (Lüke, 2014; Romski et al., 2010; Wright, Kaiser, Reikowsky, & Roberts, 2013) and can increase expressive and receptive vocabulary for children under 3 years old. (Romski, Sevcik, Barton-Hulsey, & Whitmore, 2015; Brady, 2000; Drager et al., 2006).

Myth #4: There are cognitive prerequisite skills for using AAC, and it is not appropriate for children with cognitive disabilities.

Reality: AAC intervention for children with complex communication needs helps children develop communication skills, promotes cognitive development, and provides the foundational skills necessary for literacy development, as well as improves social communication (Drager et al., 2010).

Myth #5: My child must be “ready” to use an AAC device or a child must start with a low-tech device before moving onto a high-tech device.

Reality: There are no prerequisites needed to use an AAC device. You do not have to be a particular age to be eligible for AAC, and there are no behavioral or cognitive prerequisite skills that need to be demonstrated before AAC can be introduced. Any person with communication difficulties, regardless of age or diagnosis, should be given the chance to learn to communicate using AAC.

(ASHA) (AssistiveWare) (Communication Community)

Discover additional support and insights into Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) through the following reputable websites:

AAC Institute (www.aacinstitute.org):

The AAC Institute is a leading authority on augmentative and alternative communication. Their website provides a wealth of resources, including research articles, implementation strategies, and information on various AAC devices and technologies.

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (www.asha.org):

ASHA offers a dedicated section on AAC, featuring guidelines, articles, and tools for speech-language pathologists, individuals, and families navigating the world of augmentative and alternative communication. This trusted resource ensures a comprehensive understanding of AAC practices.

Communication Matters (www.communicationmatters.org.uk):

For those seeking a global perspective on AAC, Communication Matters, based in the UK, is a valuable resource. Their website provides a range of information, from AAC basics to the latest advancements in technology, fostering a supportive and informed community.

AAC-RERC (www.aac-rerc.com):

The Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on AAC (AAC-RERC) is dedicated to advancing knowledge and accessibility in AAC. Their website offers research updates, webcasts, and resources aimed at improving communication outcomes for individuals using AAC systems.

ISAAC – International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (www.isaac-online.org):

ISAAC is a global organization committed to promoting AAC awareness and best practices. Their website features resources, conferences, and collaborative initiatives that contribute to the development and implementation of effective AAC solutions.

Exploring these links will provide a comprehensive understanding of AAC, including insights into its various applications, technological advancements, and best practices. Whether you are a speech-language pathologist, a caregiver, or an individual interested in AAC, these resources offer valuable support and knowledge to enhance communication experiences.